AMR Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| MDR | (Multidrug-Resistant): Acquired non-susceptibility to at least one agent in three or more antimicrobial categories. This marks a significant step up from UDR, meaning that standard first-line empiric choices may fail and treatment will require moving to alternative or broader-spectrum agents or Medical Device Regulation |
| MDRO | Multi-drug-resistant organism |
| MIC | Minimum inhibitory concentration |
| micro-ITT | Microbiologic intent-to-treat |
| MITT | Modified intent-to-treat |
| MMDS | Model-based medical decision support |
| MOA | Mode of action |
| MRL | Maximum residue level |
| MRSA | (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus): A specific strain of staph bacteria that has developed resistance to all core beta-lactam antibiotics, including methicillin, oxacillin, penicillin, and amoxicillin. It represents a widespread, high-priority pathogen that bypasses standard first-line staphylococcal treatments, often requiring specialized non-beta-lactam therapies like vancomycin. |
| MRSP | Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius |
| MS | MedTech Supplier |
| MSIS | Norwegian Surveillance System for Communicable Disease |
| MSSA | Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus |
| MTF | Multilateral Trading Facility (‘stock exchange’) |
| MTV/HTA | Health technology assessment (HTA) is the process by which health systems evaluate whether new medicines, devices, and other interventions offer good value for money. Sometimes also referred to as HEOR (Health Economics Outcome & Research) |
| MVP | Minimum Viable Product (rapid prototyping) |
| NBTI | Novel bacterial topoisomerase inhibitor |
| NCR | No known cross-resistance |
| NDA | New drug application |
| NDHRS | Norwegian Dairy Herd Recording System |
| NDM | New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase |
| NFSA | Norwegian Food Safety Authority |
| NGO | Nongovernmental Organization |
| NGRA | Next Generation Risk Assessment |
| NHIN | Nationwide Health Information Network USA |
| NICE | National Institute of Clinical Excellence, UK body whose prime purpose it is to evaluate and disseminate best healthcare practices (its equivalent institute in Germany is called IQWiG) |
| NIHR | National Institute for Health and Care Research |
| NIPH | Norwegian Institute of Public Health |
| NIR | Danish National Infection-Hygiene Guidelines, which are a set of standards and best practices for infection control within the healthcare sector. These guidelines are used as a basis for quality control and audits to ensure proper hygiene and safety in hospitals and other healthcare facilities. |
| NNIS | National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance |
| NorPD | Norwegian Prescribed Drug Registry |
| Nosocomial | Hospital-acquired infection |
| NRL | National reference laboratory |
| NSAS | National Centre for Antibiotic Use in Hospitals |
| NTM | Non-tuberculosis mycobacterium |
| NVI | Norwegian Veterinary Institute |
| NWT | Non-wild type |
| OECD | Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development |
| OIE | World Organization for Animal Health, UN |
| OPAT | Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy |
| PABS | Pathogen Access and Benefit-Sharing System |
| PACT(A) | Prescribing analysis and cost (assessment) |
| PBP2 | Penicillin-binding protein 2 |
| PCU | Population correction unit |
| PDR | (Pandrug-Resistant): Non-susceptibility to all agents in all available antimicrobial categories. This is the ultimate tier of resistance, meaning the organism is resistant to every currently approved antibiotic option, presenting extreme management challenges where no standard monotherapy is effective. |
| PIMs | Potentially Inappropriate Medications |
| PIP | Paediatric investigational plan |
| PJI | Prosthetic joint infection |
| PK | Pharmacokinetic |
| PMO | Program Management Office |